Conflicting Perspectives Essay

Composers are able to evoke in the audience certain reactions to characters or events in their texts by presenting conflicting perspectives on different issues through the manipulation of the language forms and features of their medium, often communicating their own ideas about issues in question, which results in the creation of meaning within their texts. (?). David Guterson in his 1995 novel Snow Falling on Cedars (Snow) and Henry Bean in his 2001 film The Believer (Believer) demonstrate conscious choices made regarding structure and techniques in the construction of their texts in order to represent conflicting perspectives exploring ideas on racial prejudice and hatred and cultural contrasts and thus engage the audience. Composers can examine racial/religious prejudice brought on by war by using form specific techniques to present conflicting perspectives on the same event, designed to incite certain audience responses. Guterson, in Snow, purposely presents conflicting perspectives between Arthur Chambers and Hatsue and other members of the white community on San Piedro, particularly Etta Heine, in order to draw sympathy for the treatment of the Japanese after Pearl Harbour is bombed. Arthur is empathetic towards them, saying in his local paper the San Piedro Review, â€Å"†¦ those of Japanese descent on this island are not responsible for the tragedy at Pearl Harbour. Make no mistake about it.† The high modality language and short, direct sentences used by Guterson highlights Arthur’s deeply-held opinion of the innocence of the Japanese on the island. In support of Arthur’s argument, Hatsue, through the narrative’s non-linear structure, recalls her pain and confusion at the treatment of her people, saying, â€Å"It just isn’t fair – it’s not fair. How could they do this to us, just like that?† The emotive appeal in addition to Arthur’s article triggers audience support of the Japanese community. Guterson, however, also presents the contrasting racial hatred of the white islanders towards the Japanese. Etta Heine justifies the deportation of the Japanese with blunt, monosyllabic sentences – â€Å"They’re Japs†¦ We’re in a war with them. We can’t have spies around.† The use of the derogative term â€Å"Japs† and the distinct differentiation between â€Å"them†, the Japanese, and â€Å"we†, the white people, illustrates her bigoted hatred of the Japanese. Through the conflicting perspectives of Etta against Arthur and Hatsue, Guterson sways the audience to feel for the ill treatment of the Japanese, and shows them his own opinion on the negative effect of racism in wartime on the perceptions and conduct towards certain groups. Conflicting perspectives are established by Bean in Believer between Daniel, a neo-Nazi who is paradoxically a Jew himself, and a number of Holocaust survivors pertaining to the strength of their actions during WWII which aims to convey a pro-Jewish sentiment to audiences. At a sensitivity training session, Danny is enraged at a Jewish man’s lack of action while watching his son being murdered by a Nazi during the Holocaust. Rapidly cutting over-the-shoulder shots between Danny and the Jews indicate their opposing views. A close-up of Danny when he is asked by the Jews what he would have done in the situation shows his contempt and incredulous disbelief of the Jews’ weakness as he replies â€Å"Not what he did. Just stand there and watch?† Bean immediately employs a close-up reaction shot of the female Jew who rebuts with, â€Å"How do you know? You’ve never been tested like he has. Here in his rich, safe, stupid country it is so easy to imagine oneself a hero.† The personal address through 2nd person and the accumulation of adjectives to build a negative image of America strongly opposes Danny’s prejudiced conviction that Jews are pathetic, and also appeals to audiences the idea that religious prejudice towards Jews is unjustified. As Guterson does in Snow, conflicting perspectives are represented by Bean in order to sway his audience to respond negatively to unfounded sentiments of prejudice. Conflicting perspectives between characters can be used by composers to control the way in which an audience perceives them by exploring the cultural clashes that exist in the text as a reflection of societal (or social?) behaviour. In Snow, Guterson presents conflicting perspectives between Kabuo and the jury during his murder trial. In the opening chapter, a vivid description of Kabuo’s posture and expression is given from the jury’s perspective; he is shown as â€Å"proudly upright†¦ rigid†¦ detached.† This initial portrait portrait of Kabuo makes him suspicious not only to the jury but also to the audience, as Hatsue tells Kabuo using a simile that he â€Å"looks like one of Tojo’s soldiers.† However, Guterson, through the novel’s non-linear structure, refutes this perspective by explaining Kabuo’s behaviour to the audience via a flashback. Through his father’s teachings that â€Å"the greater the composure, the more revealed one was†, the audience learns the reason behind Kabuo’s unemotional stance. Third person omniscient allows the audience to sympathise with Kabuo’s emotive explanation that â€Å"he sat upright in the hope that his desperate composure might reflect the shape of his soul.† Guterson, through conflicting perspectives, influences his audience to understand Kabuo and the impact of contrasting cultural values on the perception of an individual. In Believer, Bean likewise shows contrasting opinions between Danny, who cannot fully repress his secret Jewish identity, and his anti-Semitic ‘skinhead’ friends to create audience sympathy for Danny’s inner struggles with the opposing aspects of his identity. When Danny and his friends break into a synagogue, Daniel shows a surprising respect for his religion which clashes with those of the other neo-Nazis. This directly conflicts with Danny’s character established at the film’s opening, when he violently beats up a Jew for no apparent reason. Wearing a brown shirt symbolising the Nazi SA (brown-shirts), Danny’s dark costuming contrasts with the light coloured one of his Jewish victim, highlighting the evil in his nature. Bean, however, challenges the audience’s view of Danny in order to allow them to understand his conflicting identities. In one frame, Danny is in the foreground walking down an aisle, which is juxtaposed with the othe r Nazis vandalising the synagogue. Their loud, raucous whooping contrasts to that of Danny’s respectful silence, highlighting their different treatments of the Jewish culture. When one of the Nazis tears up a Torah, a sacred Jewish text, after much opposition from Danny, a reaction shot of him shows sadness and pain accompanied by melancholy music, underlining Danny’s unspoken deference for Judaism. Bean’s portrayal of conflicting perspectives on Jewish culture incites the audience to respond more sympathetically towards Danny, and to understand that his veneer is a product of cultural differences in his society. The composers in Snow and Believer have effectively utilised techniques within their medium to represent conflicting perspectives about racial or religious prejudice and cultural differences in order to provoke certain audience responses to the characters, events or situations in their story. This includes reactions of sympathy for a certain perspective or disbelief and even dislike of opposing perspectives. In this way, the composers connect to the audience and generate meaning within their texts. In Snow, Hatsue is confined by the traditions of her culture, as shown when her mother Fujiko says to her â€Å"don’t allow living among the hakujin to become living intertwined with them. Your soul will decay†¦ rot and go sour.† The change in language to refer to the Americans as hakujin and the emotive metaphor of Hatsue’s breakdown of purity highlights Fujiko’s dislike of American culture. This

Rushil Surapaneni

Computers eave led to space exploration, new designs of vehicles and other forms of transportation, increase in entertainment industry, and revolutionized medical and biological sciences to address healthcare issues. The Television ; Became commercially available in an experimental basis in the late sass, popularized greatly after World War II and has become commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. ; Serves in many instances as the primary vehicle for entertainment, advertising, and news. ; During the sass, television became the primary medium for molding public opinion and continues to do so today.The Telephone First patented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell and further developed by many others; the telephone was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly with each other across large distances. ; Became indispensable to businesses, government, and households, today some the of most ; and Has are fostered whole-wheat indwell used small appliances. Inv entions as both the cellular phone and the internet are a result Of the telephone system. ; Telephone has changed our mindset to a more complex way of thinking and continues to impact us as we move into the 21st century. The Logic Behind theSelections Overall, it came down to what saw was most practical and necessary for society and the modern world to exist the way it does today. Believe that the inventions chose revolutionized the socioeconomic standing of society to the point that allowed for radical changes in thought and ideology to take place due to these inventions. See the inventions of this world allowing for society to not only grow in the present but also further advance into the future as they can be tinkered with to better optimize the potential of humankind in the long-run, whether it be technologically, socially, or economically.

The Wonders Of Golf Good And Bad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Wonders Of Golf Good And Bad - Essay Example Golf is gaining in popularity a lot these days. With players like Tiger Woods and Tom Watson in the professional league earning millions of dollars and making golf gain immense recognition, the game has attracted many new comers from through out the world. Golf also has a lot of other advantages over other sports: Another plus point about this game for newcomers is that they do need partners to play with them. It can be played by a single individual. And unlike other sports such as football and tennis, there is also no upper limit on the number of players that can play at a time. For those people who need exercise but are limited by physical potential to play sports like tennis and squash can play golf. These people usually include middle aged and older men and women. Playing golf does not only provide for them good entertainment for passing time, it also provides to them physical exercise in the natural, outside as they have to walk at least a couple of miles all in the name of fun. Even though golf is gaining popularity through out the world, there still remain people who do not like the idea of a sport that does not demand much from its players physically. There still remains a crowd that believes that this game is more suited for older people than young athletes. The same points that go in favor of the game can be manipulated to go against it too. Young athletes who are attracted to this game must take into consideration that more aggressive games like tennis, squash, basketball etc. are more likely to keep them fit both physically and mentally. Another very important concern related to golf is its environmental impact. The construction and maintenance of the golf courses is very costly and uses up thousands of gallons of water and in today's world where there is scarcity of a resource like water, it is quite shocking. Conclusion There are many wonderful things about golf. It's nice being outdoors playing a relatively peaceful game in the open, under the sky, with the trees and beautiful scenery around. But it is clear that when it comes to physical exertion and fitness, the game does not have much to offer compared to the other games. Ultimately then, it depends on the player who has to make the choice between the different sports available to him and whether he chooses golf as a sport for himself or not, depends on his preferences. Works Cited 1) Adler, Ben. "The case against golf." 14 june 2007. www.commentisfree.guardian.co.uk. 26 may 2008 . 2) NYTimes. "Golf is growing in favor." 4 october 1891. query.nytimes.com. 26 may 2008 . 3) Jean Wyrics. Steps to Writing Well. 6th Edition, isbn#1-4130-0109-2.

Relative or friend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Relative or friend - Essay Example I have one brother and two sisters in my family. Both of my parents belong to working class. My father is a lawyer and my mother is a doctor. I am the eldest among my siblings. In my very early years of life, when I was the only child of my parents, I was given a lot of attention. My parents focused their complete attention on me which made me feel special. I remember my cousin would tell me whenever we met that his brother fought with him over petty matters, and did not share his toys with him. That made me feel sorry for him, yet I was happy that I had no one to share my toys with. I agree that I sound quite selfish but that was a matter of the past when I was only four years of age. I think quite differently about my siblings now, as I am grown up! When I was four years old, one fine morning my mom and dad brought a baby with them and told me that he was my brother. I was surprised at this shocking yet exciting discovery. It was a moment of both pleasure and displeasure for me. I had mixed feelings towards my younger brother, Jonny. I envied him as my mother took him into her lap and my father sang him nursery rhymes. I watched him grow up. As more time passed, I realized Jonny had made a big impact upon my personal relationship with mom and dad. With Jonny to take care of, mom and dad would not give me half as much time as they used to give me when I was their only child. I should not say they intentionally did it. May be it is just as difficult for all parents to balance their attention between all of their children. May be parents just do as they feel is required. Perhaps mom and dad thought I was sufficiently grown up to take care of things and understand matters while Jonny required more attention. Anyway, I was disturbed by this change. It felt quite unpleasant. I was in the kindergarten and had started to go to school while Jonny would stay at home. Mom and dad did explain to me that he was younger, so he had to be at home and that I was old enough to go to school, but their explanation hardly ever convinced me. However, soon after I started to go to school, I found studies quite interesting. May be that was a means of escape from the tensions arising from my lost status at home or perhaps, studies were really quite interesting, but I loved my education anyway. Time passed away and I approached grade 4. It was also Jonny’s second year in school. He was not quite good in studies and mom and dad had had a tough time making him study. I remember in grade 4, I read a chapter in my course book that explained to me my responsibilities towards Jonny as an elder brother. It was a very thought provoking and eye opening chapter for me and I learnt some great lessons from that. Having read the chapter, I realized that I was not fulfilling even half of my duties as an elder brother. I had never helped Jonny in his studies. Somehow, in my subconscious, I knew that if I took slight interest in teaching Jonny, he would come on the right track. That day, I decided I would change my attitude towards Jonny. I decided to fulfill my duties as an elder brother. I can not exactly tell whether it was a way to get back mom and dad’s attention that I was so longing for, but I became a loving and responsible elder brother. I helped Jonny learn nursery rhymes. I taught him how to write alphabets, how to pronounce them, how to link alphabets so

Reasearch Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reasearch - Research Paper Example Over the years, humans have become quite adept of getting the resources that they need to the places that they are required in the shortest amount of time possible. The process of spatial interaction also helps to explain why some areas of the world have a deficit in some areas of need, while others have a surplus. This can be seen in the case of most of West Africa not receive an equal distribution of food and vital resources to sustain its populace, while the countries of Western Europe seem to have more than enough (Anselin, 2008). If spatial interaction can be used to better examine how to more equally distribute these goods and services via a complex web of transportation networks, then the global population can perhaps become more balanced in terms of the ‘haves and have nots’. Spatial interaction is directly related to economic growth. The distribution of goods and services is predicated on the economic model of supply and demand. There continues to be a wide gulf in terms of relative wealth between the respective regions of the world. In fact, much research is currently focused on better understanding the regional disparities that exist between one country and the next, and much of this focus in on spatial interaction. In considering this issues, it is helpful to discuss the long-run economic growth model present by Solow. This particular model discusses the gap in spatial interaction by looking at the variables of educational capital, health capital, migration, and certain spillovers in knowledge (Anselin, 2008). Where these variables converge or diverge deterring how countries and regions differ in terms of their ability to provide the populace with a steady flow of the goods that are required to sustain a balanced and normal life. There are various external factors related to investment in infrastructure and logistics that affect the economic

Case study about ( investigation for individual learning Essay

Case study about ( investigation for individual learning style,strategies, motivation and needs) - Essay Example She has some good knowledge in Japanese language as well, which she studied for one and half years before abandoning the course. Therefore, in total, she knows three languages that are Thai (Native Language), English (Second Language) and Japanese (Second Language). English language is the second language she is currently learning. In the background questionnaire, she informed that she began her first experiences in learning English in primary school where it was incorporated in the Thailand educational curriculum. Chutimon’s learning of English can be divided into three distinct phases that are based on her varying needs and the environment where the learning occurs at each instance. Chutimon is an instrumental English learner and her dream is to work internationally in matters concerning business. She considers learning English as crucial in enabling her to deliver well in her future career where she expects to interact with people belonging to different nationalities. English is part of the Thai educational curriculum and is incorporated in school programs, so the first learning phase of Chutimon started at primary level, which was quite preliminary. Later on, she joined Kaplan International College in the UK where she got enrolled for a five-month course in English. This formed the second phase of her learning process. While at Kaplan International College, her passion for learning English was still driven by the need to improve her proficiency and she was to learn English language in an interactive environment by corresponding with the native English speakers and other international students. Kaplan provided her with good learning environment. After completing that five months English learning course, she reached the last phase of her learning when she got 5.5 in IELTS exam and passed the pre-sessional course, then enrolled for a master’s degree in International Business in Manchester Metropolitan University. During the interview

Answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Answers - Essay Example way of learning people from different perspectives; thus, it could also be used in nursing perspectives as they get to know more about their patients. According to the grounded theory, ethnographic enquiry is fit to the reality. It involves every day activities which are geared towards positively influencing human life. In making this a strong point, the theory is gathered from wide and diverse area of data. The nursing profession experiences a large inflow of patients, which can be used as a data source (Polit 21). Secondly, the theory has relevance, especially to human life. It is relevant because it helps in finding out core problems and how they can be solved. If the problems are not uncovered, then it will not be easy to find an amicable solution. Lastly, the theories under study have been known to work. Studying these theories has developed various ways of solving situations surrounding human life. In phenomenological view, the inquiry is based on reality in human aspects. The data is collected from real people for study in the stated areas. Similarly, the events and objects of study are fully understood by these

Fibre Reinforce Polymer Composites in Bridge Structures Term Paper

Fibre Reinforce Polymer Composites in Bridge Structures - Term Paper Example From the research it can be comprehended that mechanically, a composite is a separable combination of two or more materials that are not the same at the molecular level but purposefully mixed to come up with a new material that has optimal and superior properties, which are different from those of its components. These materials have been utilized over the years in construction. An ancient way was the use of straw for reinforcement in clay and mud bricks. In the last century, in several structural systems, combination of reinforcing concrete and steel has been used for construction. However, a new crop of composite material has since been largely accepted by most engineers for construction and the rehabilitation of new structures and existing facilities. This class consists of Fibre Reinforced Polymer composites, which were in the earlier days developed specifically for defense and aerospace. Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) are a combination of polymeric resins which acts as binders o r matrices that has stiff and strong fibre assemblies which act as the reinforcing phase. The combination of a reinforcing phase with the matrix phase produces a material system that is analogous to steel reinforced concrete and is new. However, these concentrations may significantly vary; generally, the reinforced concrete rarely has more than 5% reinforcement, whereas Fibre reinforced polymer composites contains more than 30% reinforcements.... This class consists of Fibre Reinforced Polymer composites, which were in the earlier days developed specifically for defense and aerospace. Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) are a combination of polymeric resins which acts as binders or matrices that has stiff and strong fibre assemblies which act as the reinforcing phase. The combination of a reinforcing phase with the matrix phase produces a material system that is analogous to steel reinforced concrete and is new. However, these concentrations may significantly vary; generally, the reinforced concrete rarely has more than 5% reinforcement, whereas Fibre reinforced polymer composites contains more than 30% reinforcements. Components of a Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Fibre This is a material that has been made into a long filament. A single fibre normally has up to 15Â µm. When the diameter is bigger, the probability of surface defects increases. The aspect ratio of diameter and length in continuous fibres can range from thousa nds to infinity. They usually occupy 50% of the weight and over 30% of the volume. Fibres are mainly meant for providing fitness, carrying the load, providing thermal stability, strength, and other structural properties to Fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) (2). The fibres in FRP composite need to have very high ultimate strength, high modulus of elasticity, low variation strength, high uniformity of diameter, high stability, and high uniformity of surface dimension among fibres. There are various forms of fibre used as reinforcements for polymer composite reinforcement exists. The manufacturer of materials made from FRP composites normally present

The Pursuit of Quality at AT&T Universal Card Services Essay

The Pursuit of Quality at AT&T Universal Card Services - Essay Example In order to monitor the performance of employees in dealing with the customers, the business organization has set up a unique and multifaceted measurement system. With these thrusts, the company is seen to surpass the industry standards. The creation of a process measurement system enables AT&T "to locate problem processes; to promptly address any problem discovered; to constantly asses how well customers are being served; and to reward exceptional performance" (Rosegrant 3). It should be noted that AT&T's motivation technique is primarily through the use of monetary benefits. Customer service representatives who are in forefront of the company's operations and are directly dealing with AT&T's customers are given financial incentives like bonuses if they achieve the goal set by the management. In order to monitor performance, managers, team leaders, and top executives are tasked to listen to the telephone associates' conversation with the customers in varying degrees. AT&T also conducts daily meetings in order to discuss the daily performance of the customer service representatives. This becomes the important venue for the discussion of how service quality can be continuously improved. The product offered by AT&T in the market together with the company's extension of exceptional customer service has gained it the largest market share in the credit card industry. AT&T has become the youngest business organization to be awarded the sought after Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. Despite this success however, both external and internal pressures are forcing AT&T to institute changes in its business operation. II. Statement of the Problem Looking at the external environment, competitors have recognized the huge profit potential in the market served by AT&T. The product which was pioneered by AT&T has become common in the market. New players have tried to offer their own no-fee, low interests credit card making it difficult for AT&T's product to stand out. Thus, the business organization opts to emphasize its thrust of providing above industry standard customer service. With this, AT&T's executives are faced with the challenge of identifying the ways on how to boost and enhance customer service provided by their telephone associates. This is even worsened by the fact that the company growth has slowed down and will not be able to accommodate the ascent of telephone associates to the corporate ladder. Externally, there is a strong pressure for managers to take the quality measurements a step further. The current system fails to correctly indicate customer satisfaction. It has been found out that the telephone associates' performance is not directly correlated to the quality of the service extended as perceived by the customer. There has been a consensus that the current system is not adequate to meet the more intense rivalry in the market: "Moreover, the current measurements no longer seemed to be driving the quest for improvement, and Davis and others had become convinced that it was time to retool a system that no longer fits the needs of the company" (Rosegrant 12). However, there is no consensus on what ought to be done in order to improve the process. Changing the process will also post problems within the workforce. It has also become apparent that changing the system

Highlight the impact of containerisation on an international supply Essay

Highlight the impact of containerisation on an international supply chain - Essay Example This staggering figure constitutes of 15 percent of the global vehicle markets. The company generated net income of $2.8 billion on over $193 billion in revenues (Alden et al, 2006). General Motors procurement strategy General motors’ (GM’s) business operations are based on a sound procurement practice and basic business integrity. Officials responsible for procurement and supply chain make their procurement decisions solely on the basis of the credibility of the suppliers that offer GM the best value for goods and services that they require. They primarily avoid any actions that indicate that their purchasing decisions are improper or irrelevant consideration whether illegal, such as bribe or kickback, or technically legal such as favours, free entertainment, personal friendship or gifts. The global purchasing and supply chain of GM holds the responsibility of procuring all goods and services that are required by the company and its joint venture and alliance partners spread over all four business regions of the world. This operation involves the procurement of parts used in the production and manufacturing of vehicles as well as products and services that are utilised for the purpose of providing support to the development and production of those vehicles. Following this strategy has not only helped boost GM’s production all over the world, but has also helped their suppliers to do business in unprecedented volumes thereby providing them with an opportunity to expand their own operations across the world (GM, 2010). The new system of procurement and supply chain management in GM has been termed as â€Å"Centralized Decentralization† by the vice president. The basic idea behind this system as has been explained by the vice president is to centralize the procurement of individual components and materials in order to leverage the company’s buying power and scale (Supply chain digest, 2008). According to Ageshin (2001), General Motors has various characteristics that make it an ideal example of an e-procurement strategy following company and a great example of how e-procurement is reshaping U.S. manufacturing. The company has the ability to increase the volume of its sales through its e-procurement system up to $300billion-$500billion per year. This has always been a primary strategy adopted by the company in order to generate further cost savings associated with purchasing across the whole supply chain. The fact that, GM was very familiar with the advantages of electronic data interchanges with its suppliers and because of its dominant position in the supply chain industry, the company adopted e-procurement system very early. GM started pursuing the idea of e-procurement as early as 1999 with the help of its technology partners i2 Technologies and Commerce One who created a B2B trading community called TradeXchange. This e-procurement system that the company adopted led to quicker information flows and ex tensive information sharing across the supply chain. This has resulted in the significant improvement in the quality of planning and forecasting for the company and its suppliers thereby boosting their businesses. The Web-based form of e-procurement has increased product customization and developed build to-order capabilities at GM. General Motors’

Nursing and midwifery council Essay Example for Free

Nursing and midwifery council Essay Malnutrition can be defined as a serious condition that occurs when a person does not include the right amount of nutrients in their diet such as water, protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in their diet (NICE, 2012). This can lead to serious adverse circumstances where one can become malnourished. Kirch (2008) also stresses that malnutrition can also arise as a result of disease. The rational for the chosen topic ‘malnutrition in elderly patients, was based on being one of the largest contributors to elderly mortality in health care. In support Sinclain (2011) states that up to 15% of elderly in the community, 62% of hospitalised patients and 85% of nursing home residents suffer from malnutrition which is a strong independent predictor of mortality in elderly. Evidence based practice in nursing is finding solid research and applying them in nursing practices, in order to promote quality of care given to patient’s. Furthermore Baker (2013) states that it is a process which involves the use of evaluation, research process, problem solving, assessment of care, decision making and requires the patients involvement. Evidence based practice is important in clinical settings having the potential to improve the of care patient, implemented to improve recovery. The nursing and midwifery council (NMC 2008) recommended that all nurses must have the ability to critique and use evidence based practice. Developing a framework for critiquing health research (Caldwell et al, 2005) will be used as an appraisal method to critique the 3 empirical research articles. This was chosen by the writer because the authors made it clear, straightforward, easy and precise to use in critiquing academic research papers, both qualitative and quantitative using tables, numbers, keywords subheadings, guidelines and relevant websites. It was also discussed that this assists the ‘novice’ nursing student and health-related research with learning about the two approaches to research by giving consideration to aspects of the research process that are common to both methodologies approach and different stages of crit iquing them. Boud et al (1985) articulate reflection as a act in which an individual examines their experiences, beliefs, values behaviour and knowledge that leads to a new understanding and appreciation of a situation which prompted the reflective process. Yun, (2008) emphasise reflection is an active and intentional process that uses thinking in order to learn from experience. We reflect in order to learn from current or future experiences  aiding us in improving academic skills in theory and in practical, the ethics of reflection contain information such as asking questions or reflecting on what actually happened, looking at the skills that were used to deal with the situation, examine the negative and positives looking into what feelings arose from the experiences, what could have be done and what can be done better in the future. As nurses we need to reflect on our own practice to enhance the care given to patients. Rolfe et al model (2001) Cycle has been chosen to support writer reflection and this was chosen because it is a simple model which raises the following questions what, so what and now what in order to reflect effectively and improve the quality of care given to patients stimulating both personal and professional growth. In nursing practice we need to plan and leave time in order to reflect on the care delivered to patients. Following this we need to reveal the service given has confidentiality, privacy and dignity and this is being maintained, check if the patient treated is being fairly and with respect, if the nurses communicate with the patients in ways they understand. All these collective questions need to be in place when caring for patients in order to support reflection and deliver a good standard of care. Elder, Evans and Nizette (2012) states reflection allows nurses to examine both thei r practice and the accompanying cognitions and effective meanings in relation to values, biases and knowledge and in relation to the context in which the situation occurred.

Tips for writing formal reports Essay Example for Free

Tips for writing formal reports Essay 1. I t is necessary to write for a specific audience e.g. colleagues or the scientific public and to recognize the kind of information and order that that person or people will require. This means that there is no one format. 2. All reports must be written in the third person rather than the first or second i.e. ‘100 mls of water was added.’ Rather than ‘I’ or ‘We’ added 100 mls of water 3. A Grade Sheet is required as the first sheet This, like the rest of the report, should be produced on a word processor, double spaced on standard unlined paper with 1 inch margins all round. I t should include the experiment’s number, title of report, date and authors name. 4. Pages should be numbered from the title page onwards. 5. If this is a report produced by a student it should have a title page with the following information:- the title of the course taken, the author and title, names of any associates who assisted with the experiment, the name and address of the college department involved, the person to whom the report is being submitted such as a professor and the date of that submission. 6.This is followed by either an abstract , or the executive summary, usually of about 200 words, on occasion longer. These are written after the completion of the experiment and the rest of the report. The following points should be included, the purpose of the work, a statement of how this was accomplished and a summary of any conclusions reached together with any recommendations for future action. 7. This is followed by a table of contents. 8 There follows the introduction an explanation of why this experiment was done. 9.Then comes the experiment i.e. what was done and why 10 The results are outlined and discussed 11 Finally there must be a brief conclusion and any recommendations. 12 References should be made according to an agreed format e.g. A.P.A. 13 In some cases an appendices are needed for such things as lengthy lists of statistics or a list of calculations made. Each appendix should be numbered separately 14 Any report must be carefully checked for accuracy before submission.

Background And Rationale Of The Study English Language Essay

Background And Rationale Of The Study English Language Essay Language assessment is an instrument for language teachers to identify the students strengths and weaknesses in language learning, to place the student into a program and to measure the use of English in four basic skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking). The assessment can be done by such methods as tests, interviews, or observations. For language teachers, the tests provide evidence of the results of learning and instruction, and hence feedback on the effectiveness of the teaching program (Bachman Palmer, 1996, p. 8). The test results enable the students to develop their performance in language learning effectively. In addition, it is very important to select the most suitable language tests which respond to the specific goals of teaching. Language teachers should also understand the functions and the characteristics of the language tests thoroughly. Many practitioners and researchers in language testing (Bachman Palmer, 1996; Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000) categorize four kinds of language tests based on the test purposes and functions as follows: (1) Proficiency Tests are designed to measure general language skills, including speaking, listening, reading and writing. In addition, proficiency tests generally help teachers to set up entrance and exit standards for a curriculum (Brown, 1996, p. 9). For instance, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and International English Language Testing System (IELTS) are currently used by many universities where English language proficiency is required. (2) Achievement Tests are aimed at the degree of learning or how much progress the students have made (McNamara, 2000). So achievement tests are directly relevant to the goals of learning and instruction. These tests can be given in the middle or at the end of the program (Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000). (3) Diagnostic Tests are established to analyze the students strengths and weaknesses in the learning process (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003). These tests are conducted at the beginning of the program (Brown, 1996). (4) Placement Tests are focused on screening the students to see whether they can study in a program and grouping the students in the same level of language proficiency (Hughes, 2003). Hence, the results of these tests will enable the teachers to accurately place the students entering any institution or program (Bachman Palmer, 1996). In addition to a clear understanding of the functions and the characteristics of language tests, language teachers have to understand the construction of those tests. There are two approaches which have an influence on test construction: the discrete-point approach and the integrative approach (Hughes, 2003). For the discrete-point approach, language teachers view each language component separately, measuring one language skill at a time, such as testing grammar or vocabulary (Brown, 1996; McNamara, 2000). In language testing, discrete-point tests emphasize language form rather than language use (McNamara, 2000). However, the discrete-point test results focusing on a single language component are inadequate to determine the students language proficiency (Jitendra Rohena-Diaz, 1996). As a consequence, Oller (1979) suggests that teachers should construct language tests using the integrative approach instead. In the integrative approach, the language teachers view language as a whole, emphasizing both productive and receptive skills (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003; McNamara, 2000). Integrative tests, such as cloze, dictation, writing an essay, and interview, can measure several skills simultaneously (Brown, 1996; Hughes, 2003). Moreover, integrative tests are suitable for assessing language proficiency and communicative skills (Brown, 1996; McNamara, 2000). McNamara (2000) contends that integrative tests take a lot of time to construct and score, as shown in Table 1. However, cloze tests are reported to be less time consuming, easier to score, and more reliable in measuring students English language proficiency (Oller, 1979). The cloze test was initiated by Taylor (1953, cited in Oller Conrad, 1971). Originally, there were two kinds of cloze tests: a rational cloze and a random cloze (see Example 1). The former refers to the deletion of specific types of words in a selected passage, such as prepositions or articles. The latter deals with a consistent deletion of every nth word, such as every fifth or seventh word. The students task is to fill in the deleted part in the cloze passage. Cloze tests can measure grammatical structure, written expression and vocabulary as well as reading comprehension (Steinman, 2002). In addition, some studies (Aitken, 1977; Oller Conrad, 1971; Oller, 1979; Stubbs Tucker, 1974) indicate that the cloze test is an effective instrument which is reliable and valid to measure English language proficiency. But the different deletion rates have an effect on the validity and the measurement of the cloze test (Alderson, 1979, 1980, 1983, 2000). Klein-Braley (1997) adds that the dele tion rates used in cloze tests require long passages. If a cloze test with the deletion of every fifth word provides 50 items, the text length should be at least 250 words (Oller, 1979). This problem has led to the development a new form of the cloze test which is called the C-Test. The C-Test, one of the new cloze tests, was constructed by Raatz and Klein-Braley (1981) in order to see if it could be more effective than the original cloze tests in measuring the students English language proficiency. The construction of the C-Test is based on the same principle as that of the cloze test; however, only the second half of every second word is deleted as can be seen in Example 2. In the C-Test, if the deleted word contains an even number of letters, the second half of this word will be deleted, such as exper i e n c e (10 letters). For a word with an odd number of letters, its larger part must be deleted, such as th e r e (5 letters). Moreover, many research studies indicate that the C-Test is more effective and more reliable than the original cloze (Connelly, 1997; DÃ ¶rnyei Katona, 1992; Klein-Braley, 1985, 1997), and yet, DÃ ¶rnyei and Katona (1992) report that the C-Test is too difficult for non-native students studying a target language such as English. As a result, Thongsa-nga (1998) adopted the original C-Test to make it suitable for Thai students studying English as a foreign language. Imitating the C-Test construction, Thongsa-nga (1998) proposed the New C-Test (the NC-Test) by deleting the second half of every third word in order to provide more clues for the non-native test takers, as can be seen in Example 2. According to the investigation of Thongsa-nga (1998), the NC-Test is employed as a proficiency test for non-native students at a secondary school level. The findings reveal that the NC-Test is reliable to assess the English language proficiency of these Thai Mathayomsuksa Six students. As far as this researcher has been able to establish, there has been no research investigating the use of the NC-Test for non-native university students in Thailand. So the present study is designed to examine the similarities and the differences in using the C-Test and the NC-Test in measuring the English language proficiency of first-yea r Thai undergraduate students. Another form of the cloze test, the Modified C-Test (the MC-Test), also known as the X-Test, was invented by Boonsathorn in 1987 (cited in Boonsathorn, 1990, p. 46). For the MC-Test, the first half of every second word is deleted (see Example 3). In the MC-Test, if the total number letters of the deleted word is an even number, the first half of this word will be deleted, such as d i s a gree (8 letters). For a word with an odd number of letters, its larger part will be deleted, such as o t h er. According to Boonsathorn (1987), the first half deletion in the MC-Test compares with the C-Test. His study reports that the MC-Test is more difficult and discriminates better than the C-Test. Some research findings show that the MC-Test has high reliability and validity and can be used with advanced students (KÃ ¶berl Sigott, 1996; Prapphal, 1994; Sigott KÃ ¶berl, 1993; Wonghiransombat, 1998). So the MC-Test should be further investigated to see its strengths and weaknesses in assessing English language skills. The MC-Test can be an alternative type for a better assessment of the English language proficiency of Thai undergraduate students, although the study of Sigott and KÃ ¶berl (1993) claims that the MC-Test is more difficult for non-native speakers. Wonghiransombat (1998) then proposed the New Modified C-Test (the NMC-Test) in order to make the original MC-Test appropriate for non-native students (p. 23). The construction of the NMC-Test is based on the same principle as the MC-Test; however, the first half of every third word is deleted to provide more clues as shown in Example 3. In addition, Wonghiransombat (1998) reports that the NMC-Test with the third starting point, or the third-word deletion, is easier and has better discrimination than the original MC-Test. Her study, the only research done in Thailand to examine the use of the MC-Test and the NMC-Test at the postgraduate level, also shows that the NMC-Test can be utilized to measure English language proficiency of Thai postgraduate students. Therefore, the present study is also aimed at examining the similarities and the differences in using the original MC-Test and the NMC-Test in measuring English language proficiency of the Thai undergraduate students. In addition to the construction of new language tests, language teachers should further investigate the students test-taking strategies in order to validate the language test and to examine what language abilities the test can measure (Cohen, 1994, 1998). Test-taking strategies can be defined as the processes that the test takers make use of in order to produce acceptable answers to questions and tasks, as well as the perceptions that they have about these questions and tasks before, during, and after responding to them (Cohen, 1998, p. 216). For instance, some students read an entire cloze passage before filling in the missing parts (Cohen, 1998). Moreover, the perceptions of language tests and test-taking strategies of the students with high- or low-language-ability are different (Cohen, 1984; Sasaki, 2000; Yamashita, 2003). As far as the present researcher has been able to determine, there has been no investigation in Thailand on cloze test-taking strategies. Therefore, cloze comp letion processes are also included in this study to examine the strategies used in taking the C-Test, the MC-Test, the NC-Test, and the NMC-Test for non-native undergraduate students. In conclusion, this research is aimed at comparing the new cloze formats (the NMC-Test and the NC-Test) with the older cloze formats (the MC-Test and the C-Test) and to examine the similarities and the differences in these four tests for Thai undergraduate students. Also, this study focuses on examining what test-taking strategies or procedures the students use while responding to the different types of cloze tests. 1.2 Purpose of the Study The present study aims to investigate the differences in the four types of the cloze tests by comparing the use of the MC-Test with that of NMC-Test, and the use of the C-Test with that of the NC-Test. In order to understand the cloze test-taking strategies, the study is also designed to find out to what extent undergraduate students use seven test-taking strategies while answering the different types of cloze tests. The strategies are based on the latest categorization of Sasaki (2000). The new cloze tests including the C-Test, the NC-Test, the MC-Test, and the NMC-Test were taken by first-year science students at Mahidol University in the first semester of academic year 2003. Therefore, the research questions are posed as follows: Does the NMC-Test yield different results from the original MC-Test in measuring students language proficiency? Does the NC-Test yield different results from the original C-Test in measuring students language proficiency? Does using every third-word deletion of the NMC-Test and the NC-Test affect the discrimination power of the test? What test-taking strategies do the first-year undergraduate students in the Faculty of Science at Mahidol University use while taking the C-Test, the MC-Test, the NMC-Test, and the NC-Test? 1.3 Significance of the Study This study is designed to compare the new cloze formats, including the original C-Test with the NC-Test, and the original MC-Test with the NMC-Test. The results of this study may provide an alternative way for language teachers to measure the English language proficiency of Thai undergraduate students learning EFL. Test-taking strategies are also studied to enable the language teachers to understand how effectively the students respond to the new types of cloze passage. 1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study (1) The study is limited to first year science students at Mahidol University in the first semester of the academic year 2003. The results cannot be generalized to other students, at other university levels, and in other areas. (2) The study focuses on first-year science students with high- and low-language-ability based on the English Entrance Examination scores, which were reported by the coordinator of the science program. (3) Only exact word scoring is employed in this study. (4) It is assumed that all of the first-year science students have had some background knowledge of English up to Mathayomsuksa Six. 1.5 Definitions of Terms Cloze test refers to a test in which the entire words are rationally or randomly deleted and the student is asked to fill in the missing words (Boonsathorn, 1990, 2000; Wonghiransombat, 1998). C-Test is a test in which the second part or the second half of every second word is deleted and the students task is to fill in the deleted parts (Boonsathorn, 1990; Klein-Braley, 1985). New C-Test (NC-Test) is a test in which the second part or the second half of every third word is deleted and the student is required to fill in the missing parts (Thongsa-nga, 1998). New Modified C-Test (NMC-Test) is a test in which the first part or the first half of every third word is deleted and the students task is to fill in the missing parts (Wonghiransombat, 1998). Modified C-Test (MC-Test) is a test in which the first part or the first half of every second word is deleted and the student is required to fill in the deleted parts (Boonsathorn, 1990, 2000; Wonghiransombat, 1998). Readability refers to how easily written materials can be read and understood. Readability depends on many factors, including (a) the average length of sentences in a passage, (b) the number of new words a passage contains, and (c) the grammatical complexity of the language used. Procedures used for measuring readability are known as readability formulae (Richards, Platt, Platt, 1993, p. 306). Test-taking strategies are the processes that the test takers make use of in order to produce acceptable answers to questions and tasks, as well as the perceptions that they have about these questions and tasks before, during, and after responding to the test (Cohen, 1998, p. 216).

made up Garfield :: essays research papers

It was just a day at John Arbuckle's house. As Garfield got up at 10:00 am he took a look at his calendar. He took a glance at the day of the week and mumbled "Ha, monday I need to go back to sleep." Just as Garfield was falling back to sleep John yelled "Get up you lazy cat! I need to take you to the vet for your shots." Garfield was wide-awake soon as he heard that and ran into the closet. John grumbled, " I'm not having a good day." Then Garfield opened the door and ran into the center of the room and stopped there. A few minutes later Odie came up behind him and said, "bark". Garfield sprang to the ceiling. Garfield thought to him self " Just what I was waiting for. Now John can't find me up here." "Garfield!!!" John yelled. Then "rip" the wallpaper on the ceiling ripped and down Garfield came. Yet, John grabbed him right out of the air. "OK Garfield let's stop with the games and go to the Vet." John said happily. Soon they were in John's car and going to the vet. When they got to the vet Garfield whispered to himself "Maybe if I can just stall we will miss my appointment with the vet." When they got there Garfield grabbed the seat firmly. John got out and went to the other side to get Garfield. When he got there Garfield was on the drivers side. Then John went to the other side to get him he was on the other side. John mooned " Stop this Garfield!" So John crawled threw the car and grabbed Garfield, but Garfield had clinched the seat firmly and would not let go. John pulled and tugged, but Garfield had a good grip. Then John had a brainstorm " for ones in his life". John unlatched the seat and took the Garfield and the seat into the vets. He just made it on time. John takes the seat and Garfield into the vet who is waiting. The vet was a really fine looking woman. John took one look at her and started flirting with her. They where talking when Garfield saw t his as an opportunity to get out. He jumped out of his seat and ran off into the street. He stopped and looks around this place look filmier to him. made up Garfield :: essays research papers It was just a day at John Arbuckle's house. As Garfield got up at 10:00 am he took a look at his calendar. He took a glance at the day of the week and mumbled "Ha, monday I need to go back to sleep." Just as Garfield was falling back to sleep John yelled "Get up you lazy cat! I need to take you to the vet for your shots." Garfield was wide-awake soon as he heard that and ran into the closet. John grumbled, " I'm not having a good day." Then Garfield opened the door and ran into the center of the room and stopped there. A few minutes later Odie came up behind him and said, "bark". Garfield sprang to the ceiling. Garfield thought to him self " Just what I was waiting for. Now John can't find me up here." "Garfield!!!" John yelled. Then "rip" the wallpaper on the ceiling ripped and down Garfield came. Yet, John grabbed him right out of the air. "OK Garfield let's stop with the games and go to the Vet." John said happily. Soon they were in John's car and going to the vet. When they got to the vet Garfield whispered to himself "Maybe if I can just stall we will miss my appointment with the vet." When they got there Garfield grabbed the seat firmly. John got out and went to the other side to get Garfield. When he got there Garfield was on the drivers side. Then John went to the other side to get him he was on the other side. John mooned " Stop this Garfield!" So John crawled threw the car and grabbed Garfield, but Garfield had clinched the seat firmly and would not let go. John pulled and tugged, but Garfield had a good grip. Then John had a brainstorm " for ones in his life". John unlatched the seat and took the Garfield and the seat into the vets. He just made it on time. John takes the seat and Garfield into the vet who is waiting. The vet was a really fine looking woman. John took one look at her and started flirting with her. They where talking when Garfield saw t his as an opportunity to get out. He jumped out of his seat and ran off into the street. He stopped and looks around this place look filmier to him.

Bob Dylan and Media Distribution Channels :: Media Delivery Music Musician

Bob Dylan and the Media Throughout most of Bob Dylan's career as a musician, radio was the main form of media that was used to convey his message to the public. From the first album in the early 1960's to the 1990's, radio was and still is the main way in which the public receives his lyrics. It also remains to be the way Dylan is able to communicate his messages to us. My question is; How have the outlets of information changed through the years, and which method of the media is more effective? Is one better than the other for the purposes of relaying Dylan's messages to the public? Bob Dylan is famous for his straight forward and bold lyrics. Since the beginning of his long career as an artist, people of the United States and all across the world have not only listened to his musical talent but respected his ideas as a leader. Bob Dylan, like so many other musicians of his day, got his start on the radio. This was a way for musicians to relay messages to the rest of society. This gave people all across the world a feeling of belonging. It provided a basis for people to share common interests with others across the world. Music concerts was another way of passing Dylan's messages to the public. A typical concert performed by Dylan included fifty thousand people in an arena, and another fifty thousand outside of the gates. For the lucky ones, those which were able to enter the concert (either by paying or sneaking in), the concerts are a way which everyone is able to receive the desired message at precisely the same time. Another positive idea about concerts is; by watching someone whom they have been listening to for years, people get a sense of hope, inspiration, and the face behind the name. The third source of media that Dylan used to communicate his thoughts and music ability, was through albums. Over the course of Dylan's long career, he has released more than 40 albums. Starting in the 1960's and ending in the 1990's, when the compact disc was introduced and gained popularity. An album is a way of playing back individual songs, simply by releasing the needle on whatever song you would like played. As albums became more and more popular, Dylan was now able to convey his message to a wider variety of people.

Online Banking Essay example -- essays research papers

Online Banking: How Technology has Affected the Bank Industry Aluscine Kabia Diana Mickle Jennifer Ross Betty Tekeste University of Phoenix COM525: Managerial Communication and Ethics Edward L. Dempsey March 14, 2005 Modern technology has set the stage for today’s industries to adopt faster, more effective and efficient tools to improve their business and productivity. A vast majority of organizations within various industries are using new technology to introduce changes to their business operations. Simply stated, these changes are manifested in what they do, with whom they do it, how they do it, and the tools they use to get it done. However, it is worthwhile to note that, while technology can offer beneficial changes to organizations, change usually comes with both positive and negative consequences. In any business, if technology serves as a catalyst for improvement without significant drawbacks, adopting the changes that it brings will be more beneficial than harmful. Online banking is a technological advancement that has brought about such a change. The banking industry has adopted virtual banking to improve business process, infrastructure, and customer relationships. These changes have had a major impact on the banking business, but more transparently on the customers of online banking. The matrix measures for the improvements added by online banking can be evaluated on comparable levels of service, efficiency and cost satisfaction, for both the provider and consumer of this technology. Throughout this document, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online banking in hopes of formulating a better understanding of why banks of today are moving towards online business. While virtual banking has considerable concerns, the advantages it generates, far outweighs the disadvantages because the value added through this technology benefits both the banks, and the customers. E-banking has had a considerable impact on today’s banking business, affecting both customers and banks in multiple ways. Banking activities such as; account inquiries, depositing or transferring funds and ordering checks, can now be done remotely, 24 hours a day and seven days a week. From a business organizational point of view, this technology is changing the employee structure of the average bank. The U.S Department of labor noted in 20... ...vestorguide.com/igubankonline.html Online Banking Pages. (2005). Retrieved March 7, 2005 from the World Wide Web:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://edt.uow.edu/au/elec195/group-projects-2k/group1/Limits.html Raghunathan, A. (2003). Security worries keep many from banking online. Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  March 7, 2005 from the World Wide Web:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/7388475.htm The virtual threat. (2000, May 18). The Economist. Retrieved February 11, 2005 from the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  World Wide Web: http://80-www.economist.com.ezproxy.appollolibrary.com What is online banking? (2003, March 28). BankRate. Retrieved March 8, 2005 from the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  World Wide Web: http:// http://www.bankrate.com Wolfe, D. (2004, October 13). Why some are placing bets on in-branch online banking. American Banker. Retrieved March 9, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.apollolibrary.com Yip, P. (2000, October 9). Net banking not for all lifestyles, comfort levels key to online accounts. Sun Sentinel. Retrieved March 9, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://proquest.umi.com

Online Recruitment

According to BusineeDictionary. com, â€Å"Human Resource Management includes activities such as human resources planning, recruitment, selection, orientation, training, appraisal, motivation and remuneration. It aims at developing people through work. † In human resource management, recruitment is one of the most important processes in an organisation. According to BusinessDictionary. com, â€Å"recruitment is a course of action of discovering and employing best eligible applicant, whether external or internal organisation, for a job position in a most suitable and cost effective way. There are different types of job recruitment, such as online recruitment and advertisement recruitment. In the 21st century, many of the organisations using online recruitment to search the best candidate for company, as the internet have transformed job hunting and recruitment. There are few types of online recruitment. One of the methods is professional websites. Example of professional websi te is www. shrm. org, where some candidates who are searching for human resources job go into that site. They have specific professions, skills and not general in nature. The second type is employer website. It can be developed by different employers or can be company own website. One example is www. directemployers. com, which is the first supportive, company owned online recruitment set up by Direct Employers Association. The last type is job board. Job seekers become aware of the vacancies where the recruiters post jobs and search for candidates. Example of job board is www. jobstreet. com. (Gosh, nd) In fact, there are still many other methods of online recruitment. Online recruitment has advantages and disadvantages in helping organisation for recruitment and selection. It has made more efficient on the employment process for every large and small organisation. For those companies who are still using paper applications have practised to use internet for important sections of the hiring process. The first benefit would be the reduce time for hiring. Online recruitment, is also called e-recruitment has enable a manager to have an immediate real-time communication and for everyday and every hour in job search activity. For example, a manager can post a vacancy in a very short time on a career site such as jobstreet. com without imitation. He or she can receive resumes in response immediately. In online job advertisement, the posting normally stays in available status for as long as one month and keeps on to receive candidates’ resumes as job seekers come across it. As compared with the traditional practises, job advertisement in newspaper or journal may take about one week or later but not only for one day. Therefore, employer has to wait till t he end of month to receive the responses by applicants, especially for those who need immediate vacancy and special areas industry. Bayt. com, 2009) According to Bayt. com, hiring in e-recruitment gives 70% faster than traditional recruitment practises, and the cycle of recruiting is speeded up at every process of posting, which is to receive applicant’s resumes and filter the information and call for interview. The second benefit of e-recruitment is cost effective. We need money to advertise the job vacancy in newspaper or journal, and this is not cheap for the advertisement. While the online posting is much cheaper as compared with traditional practises. According to bayt. com, the company post online to a job site such as www. bayt. com would be charged only USD250, which would be more cost-saving than the cost of job advertisement in newspaper or journal publication or the 30% of annual incomes that many personnel managers charge. Bayt. com shows a study that the costs of posting vacancy and searching for candidates on job vacancies can be up to 90% lower than the costs of adapting traditional search agencies and advertising practises. (Bayt. com, 2009) Third benefit is wider reach for manager. The information of traditional practises are normally restricted by industry, geography, career lever or other limitations while the e-recruitment can have recent and active talent databases that cover all industries, regions, and career levels. The company spent much to make sure the databases are varied, regular updated, relevant and best quality as they need to keep advertising in newspaper for changing, updating information. However, e-recruitment teams can ensure that the portals are always easily viewed by relevant applicants and are visited by the target job seekers which can easily reach to the manager. Bayt. com, 2009) Next benefit would be the wider reach for applicants. The candidates gain benefits from the wider span through internet job sites. With the click of a mouse, they are able to access different types of jobs in different companies, locations and even salaries. They can reach the company faster as they are easily contacted for interview opportunities by just send ing their resumes online. (Bayt. com, 2009) E-recruitment offers some screening or filtering tools which enable recruiters to immediately work on the right applicant using many categories on a site such as jobstreet. om, which including locations of residence, qualifications, education backgrounds, skills and past experience and employer. The process of e-recruiting and selecting good quality applicants is very efficient. This technology works by automated search engine which is set up to find the databases. For example employer can key in some of the requirements then the result would match with the candidates’ resumes. (Bayt. com. 2009) In online recruitment, company usually would set up a page like company profile or history for the candidates to view on it. Through this, employers can use this to create company brand and values to prospective job seekers. Therefore, applicants would make decision on applying that job as they have an idea about company they work for. (Bayt. com, 2009) Furthermore, through internet, recruiter can manage whole recruitment process from one mean, which enable recruiter to advertise vacancies, receive resumes, screen, contact applicants, track activities in internet. Therefore, the paper work is reduced. On the other side, the job seekers can also view their application progress at every step of recruitment process. This enhanced user experience for both job seekers and recruiters. In addition, both job seekers and recruiters can opt to maintain their confidentiality. For example, applicants can post their resumes online while keeping their names and current company’s name privately. Same thing to recruiters, they can choose to search databases without posting a job position if the vacancy nature is sensitive, and they can post a job vacancy while keeping their company name privately. Employers can also build up database, save high potential or attractive resumes from present applicants for future use. Bayt. com, 2009) Moreover, the manager has full control over the recruitment process through online recruitment, which enables direct contact with candidates which does not need a middle person to do the selection, filtering, and assessment. (Bayt. com, 2009) This is because recruiter can choose the best candidate through their details in resume and match with the position, which does not n eed so much of red tape. E-recruitment has brought so many benefits to organisations, as well as job seekers. Apart from its benefit, e-recruitment has quite a few drawbacks to the organisations. First of all, e-recruitment benefits for only applicants who knew internet knowledge. The process is limited to those computer savvy applicants. For those who know the use of internet, they have no problem to search different job websites, do screening, keywords, updating information. Therefore, it brings no benefit for those who do not know to use online job site. (Ghosh, nd) Besides that, company has to be very particular on legal consequences because it may lead to discrimination charge if the company did not aware of word used when posting the advertisement online. There is one example for Disney world, which was sued for screening applicants’ resumes by using the keywords preferred for Whites. (Ghosh, nd) As online recruitment became a trend, more and more applicants joined and apply for vacancy. The vast pool of candidates does benefits recruiters but also lead disadvantage to them. This is because they have to sit down and do a lot of deep scanning database. They might not view all the candidates which may miss out some of the best potential candidates as they might randomly choose candidates. As a result, applicants face more competition. Ghosh, nd) Furthermore, organisations face some non-serious candidates. Quite a number of candidates post their resumes just to know their employment value. Recruiters could not check whether the candidates are serious in applying job or not. When call for interview, recruiters just realised that candidates are not serious and not interested to join their company. By that time, the recruiters have r ejected some serious applicants. (Gosh, nd) The last drawback is disclosure of information. Candidate’s resumes and organisation profile are available to public. Some candidates who are still working do not want their present employer to know that they are looking for a change. Some of candidates’ particulars such as address, phone number has brought to many security problems. In addition, organisations do not want their competitors know their current situation. (Ghosh, nd) To make e-recruitment more effective, there are some criteria. Firstly we must benefit the selection procedure. Company should consider about different factors to make the procedure effective. Company should analyse and compare the costs and its risks by using return on investment (ROI). It helps to estimate the return and evaluate the benefits to company. Company should have change management, is to adapt market changes by making policy proactive and flexible. Company should provide guidelines in the policy. As the whole e-recruitment process depends on the availability of candidates in the market, company should consider market labour rate and unemployment rate. Recruiter should not spend too much of time to do screening, choosing candidates because this rates will decide whether to be lenient or stringent. Ghosh, nd) Moreover, recruiter should consider the impact of providing compensation information. He or she should follow legal norms when disclose information such as salary, wage and benefit. Candidates should not be given chances for negotiation. Besides, competitors would know the compensation rate of company. When screening resume, recruiter must take precautions. He or she must avoid using key words that discriminate race, religion, and gender. For example, ‘recent’ university graduates only in an ad are not preferable. Besides, recruiter should keep updating so that the candidates know the results and changes, otherwise it will not serve any purpose. (Ghosh, nd) Come to the modern impacts of e-recruitment, one of these is speedy communication. Management and staff can communicate with each other though the blogs. So, blogs, vodcasts, podcasts can be added as a tool in e-recruitment. Vodcasts are video podcasts while podcasts are digital media files services. As a result, recruiters cannot blame of being one way communication such as faxes and mails. Secondly, candidates today can choose the company which is not only look at the financial state but culture. In past experience, employers had privilege to be selective in recruitment process, especially in screening candidates’ resumes which were not fair to candidates. Therefore, image will not influence candidates to apply for company. Next, the number of popularity of search engine ads has increased, which resulting printed ads are phasing out, as pay-per-click is very attractive and convenient. Finally, job board is holding RRS feed, one of it is Google. For those who do not have any job site, Google offers them to post the jobs on Google Base. This is a group of web feed formats to publish updated works regularly, such as news headline, blog entries in standard format. (Ghosh, nd) In conclusion, traditional practises should not be replaced by online recruitment. It should be made as an enhancement. Online recruitment can be included by traditional practises and recruitment process will be speed up, globalise due to e-recruitment. We should make it as supplement, because both traditional and online are useful. When only three vacancies and three candidates available in organisations do not have much choice, hence companies prefer to broaden their search and attract a lot of applications. However, when company received two thousands applications for three vacancies, recruiters are not possible to do in depth screening process. While internal search is effective for a method such as campus interview, but without internet, interaction with candidates becomes time consuming when receiving application in hand. Of course, there are other concerns which companies need take into account, example like managing staff expectations. Recruiter can receive all applications electronically, even overnight. Overall, online systems offer major advantages in terms of improved efficiency, cost saving, and recruiter and candidate satisfaction. References: †¢ BusinessDictionary. com. (2009) Human Resource Management (HRM). [online] Available at: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/human-resource-management-HRM. html (Accessed: 1 December 2009) BusinessDictionary. com. (2009) Recruitment [online] Available at: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/recruitment. html (Accessed: 1 December 2009) †¢ Bayt. com. (2009) The Benefits of Online recruitment [online] Available at: http://www. bayt. com/en/career-article-1121/ (Accessed: 2 December 2009) †¢ Ghosh, Arundhati. (nd) E- Recruitment: The Recent Trend of Recruitment Practices [online] Available at: http://www. 123oye. com/j ob-articles/business-corporates/e-recruitment. htm (Accessed: 2 December 2009) Online Recruitment According to BusineeDictionary. com, â€Å"Human Resource Management includes activities such as human resources planning, recruitment, selection, orientation, training, appraisal, motivation and remuneration. It aims at developing people through work. † In human resource management, recruitment is one of the most important processes in an organisation. According to BusinessDictionary. com, â€Å"recruitment is a course of action of discovering and employing best eligible applicant, whether external or internal organisation, for a job position in a most suitable and cost effective way. There are different types of job recruitment, such as online recruitment and advertisement recruitment. In the 21st century, many of the organisations using online recruitment to search the best candidate for company, as the internet have transformed job hunting and recruitment. There are few types of online recruitment. One of the methods is professional websites. Example of professional websi te is www. shrm. org, where some candidates who are searching for human resources job go into that site. They have specific professions, skills and not general in nature. The second type is employer website. It can be developed by different employers or can be company own website. One example is www. directemployers. com, which is the first supportive, company owned online recruitment set up by Direct Employers Association. The last type is job board. Job seekers become aware of the vacancies where the recruiters post jobs and search for candidates. Example of job board is www. jobstreet. com. (Gosh, nd) In fact, there are still many other methods of online recruitment. Online recruitment has advantages and disadvantages in helping organisation for recruitment and selection. It has made more efficient on the employment process for every large and small organisation. For those companies who are still using paper applications have practised to use internet for important sections of the hiring process. The first benefit would be the reduce time for hiring. Online recruitment, is also called e-recruitment has enable a manager to have an immediate real-time communication and for everyday and every hour in job search activity. For example, a manager can post a vacancy in a very short time on a career site such as jobstreet. com without imitation. He or she can receive resumes in response immediately. In online job advertisement, the posting normally stays in available status for as long as one month and keeps on to receive candidates’ resumes as job seekers come across it. As compared with the traditional practises, job advertisement in newspaper or journal may take about one week or later but not only for one day. Therefore, employer has to wait till t he end of month to receive the responses by applicants, especially for those who need immediate vacancy and special areas industry. Bayt. com, 2009) According to Bayt. com, hiring in e-recruitment gives 70% faster than traditional recruitment practises, and the cycle of recruiting is speeded up at every process of posting, which is to receive applicant’s resumes and filter the information and call for interview. The second benefit of e-recruitment is cost effective. We need money to advertise the job vacancy in newspaper or journal, and this is not cheap for the advertisement. While the online posting is much cheaper as compared with traditional practises. According to bayt. com, the company post online to a job site such as www. bayt. com would be charged only USD250, which would be more cost-saving than the cost of job advertisement in newspaper or journal publication or the 30% of annual incomes that many personnel managers charge. Bayt. com shows a study that the costs of posting vacancy and searching for candidates on job vacancies can be up to 90% lower than the costs of adapting traditional search agencies and advertising practises. (Bayt. com, 2009) Third benefit is wider reach for manager. The information of traditional practises are normally restricted by industry, geography, career lever or other limitations while the e-recruitment can have recent and active talent databases that cover all industries, regions, and career levels. The company spent much to make sure the databases are varied, regular updated, relevant and best quality as they need to keep advertising in newspaper for changing, updating information. However, e-recruitment teams can ensure that the portals are always easily viewed by relevant applicants and are visited by the target job seekers which can easily reach to the manager. Bayt. com, 2009) Next benefit would be the wider reach for applicants. The candidates gain benefits from the wider span through internet job sites. With the click of a mouse, they are able to access different types of jobs in different companies, locations and even salaries. They can reach the company faster as they are easily contacted for interview opportunities by just send ing their resumes online. (Bayt. com, 2009) E-recruitment offers some screening or filtering tools which enable recruiters to immediately work on the right applicant using many categories on a site such as jobstreet. om, which including locations of residence, qualifications, education backgrounds, skills and past experience and employer. The process of e-recruiting and selecting good quality applicants is very efficient. This technology works by automated search engine which is set up to find the databases. For example employer can key in some of the requirements then the result would match with the candidates’ resumes. (Bayt. com. 2009) In online recruitment, company usually would set up a page like company profile or history for the candidates to view on it. Through this, employers can use this to create company brand and values to prospective job seekers. Therefore, applicants would make decision on applying that job as they have an idea about company they work for. (Bayt. com, 2009) Furthermore, through internet, recruiter can manage whole recruitment process from one mean, which enable recruiter to advertise vacancies, receive resumes, screen, contact applicants, track activities in internet. Therefore, the paper work is reduced. On the other side, the job seekers can also view their application progress at every step of recruitment process. This enhanced user experience for both job seekers and recruiters. In addition, both job seekers and recruiters can opt to maintain their confidentiality. For example, applicants can post their resumes online while keeping their names and current company’s name privately. Same thing to recruiters, they can choose to search databases without posting a job position if the vacancy nature is sensitive, and they can post a job vacancy while keeping their company name privately. Employers can also build up database, save high potential or attractive resumes from present applicants for future use. Bayt. com, 2009) Moreover, the manager has full control over the recruitment process through online recruitment, which enables direct contact with candidates which does not need a middle person to do the selection, filtering, and assessment. (Bayt. com, 2009) This is because recruiter can choose the best candidate through their details in resume and match with the position, which does not n eed so much of red tape. E-recruitment has brought so many benefits to organisations, as well as job seekers. Apart from its benefit, e-recruitment has quite a few drawbacks to the organisations. First of all, e-recruitment benefits for only applicants who knew internet knowledge. The process is limited to those computer savvy applicants. For those who know the use of internet, they have no problem to search different job websites, do screening, keywords, updating information. Therefore, it brings no benefit for those who do not know to use online job site. (Ghosh, nd) Besides that, company has to be very particular on legal consequences because it may lead to discrimination charge if the company did not aware of word used when posting the advertisement online. There is one example for Disney world, which was sued for screening applicants’ resumes by using the keywords preferred for Whites. (Ghosh, nd) As online recruitment became a trend, more and more applicants joined and apply for vacancy. The vast pool of candidates does benefits recruiters but also lead disadvantage to them. This is because they have to sit down and do a lot of deep scanning database. They might not view all the candidates which may miss out some of the best potential candidates as they might randomly choose candidates. As a result, applicants face more competition. Ghosh, nd) Furthermore, organisations face some non-serious candidates. Quite a number of candidates post their resumes just to know their employment value. Recruiters could not check whether the candidates are serious in applying job or not. When call for interview, recruiters just realised that candidates are not serious and not interested to join their company. By that time, the recruiters have r ejected some serious applicants. (Gosh, nd) The last drawback is disclosure of information. Candidate’s resumes and organisation profile are available to public. Some candidates who are still working do not want their present employer to know that they are looking for a change. Some of candidates’ particulars such as address, phone number has brought to many security problems. In addition, organisations do not want their competitors know their current situation. (Ghosh, nd) To make e-recruitment more effective, there are some criteria. Firstly we must benefit the selection procedure. Company should consider about different factors to make the procedure effective. Company should analyse and compare the costs and its risks by using return on investment (ROI). It helps to estimate the return and evaluate the benefits to company. Company should have change management, is to adapt market changes by making policy proactive and flexible. Company should provide guidelines in the policy. As the whole e-recruitment process depends on the availability of candidates in the market, company should consider market labour rate and unemployment rate. Recruiter should not spend too much of time to do screening, choosing candidates because this rates will decide whether to be lenient or stringent. Ghosh, nd) Moreover, recruiter should consider the impact of providing compensation information. He or she should follow legal norms when disclose information such as salary, wage and benefit. Candidates should not be given chances for negotiation. Besides, competitors would know the compensation rate of company. When screening resume, recruiter must take precautions. He or she must avoid using key words that discriminate race, religion, and gender. For example, ‘recent’ university graduates only in an ad are not preferable. Besides, recruiter should keep updating so that the candidates know the results and changes, otherwise it will not serve any purpose. (Ghosh, nd) Come to the modern impacts of e-recruitment, one of these is speedy communication. Management and staff can communicate with each other though the blogs. So, blogs, vodcasts, podcasts can be added as a tool in e-recruitment. Vodcasts are video podcasts while podcasts are digital media files services. As a result, recruiters cannot blame of being one way communication such as faxes and mails. Secondly, candidates today can choose the company which is not only look at the financial state but culture. In past experience, employers had privilege to be selective in recruitment process, especially in screening candidates’ resumes which were not fair to candidates. Therefore, image will not influence candidates to apply for company. Next, the number of popularity of search engine ads has increased, which resulting printed ads are phasing out, as pay-per-click is very attractive and convenient. Finally, job board is holding RRS feed, one of it is Google. For those who do not have any job site, Google offers them to post the jobs on Google Base. This is a group of web feed formats to publish updated works regularly, such as news headline, blog entries in standard format. (Ghosh, nd) In conclusion, traditional practises should not be replaced by online recruitment. It should be made as an enhancement. Online recruitment can be included by traditional practises and recruitment process will be speed up, globalise due to e-recruitment. We should make it as supplement, because both traditional and online are useful. When only three vacancies and three candidates available in organisations do not have much choice, hence companies prefer to broaden their search and attract a lot of applications. However, when company received two thousands applications for three vacancies, recruiters are not possible to do in depth screening process. While internal search is effective for a method such as campus interview, but without internet, interaction with candidates becomes time consuming when receiving application in hand. Of course, there are other concerns which companies need take into account, example like managing staff expectations. Recruiter can receive all applications electronically, even overnight. Overall, online systems offer major advantages in terms of improved efficiency, cost saving, and recruiter and candidate satisfaction. References: †¢ BusinessDictionary. com. (2009) Human Resource Management (HRM). [online] Available at: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/human-resource-management-HRM. html (Accessed: 1 December 2009) BusinessDictionary. com. (2009) Recruitment [online] Available at: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/recruitment. html (Accessed: 1 December 2009) †¢ Bayt. com. (2009) The Benefits of Online recruitment [online] Available at: http://www. bayt. com/en/career-article-1121/ (Accessed: 2 December 2009) †¢ Ghosh, Arundhati. (nd) E- Recruitment: The Recent Trend of Recruitment Practices [online] Available at: http://www. 123oye. com/j ob-articles/business-corporates/e-recruitment. htm (Accessed: 2 December 2009)

Case Study: Wheelworks

Running head end Study Wheel do performances Case Study Wheel resolves commandment of Management After analyzing Wheel manoeuvers compensation and benefits structure, I have found that this organization meets any take aim demanded by its employees and motivates them in both direct. When it comes to of necessity and motivations, at that place atomic numeral 18 cardinal commonly employ theories that explain distri thatively step. One of the most commonly utilize theories to explain the levels of needs and inducements is Maslows power structure of needs. The otherwise commonly used supposition when explaining levels of needs and motivations is Herzbergs iiFactor Theory.Maslows power structure of Needs Starting at the place with physiological needs and moving up to safety, get by/ go badings, esteem, and finally nominateing self-actualization, Maslows pecking order of needs is often shown as a volt level pyramid. Wheelworks meet its employees first need, Physiolo gical needs, just by paying them a salary. When Wheelworks pays its employees, it allows each employee to steal food, water, and pay for a shelter and array to primary(prenominal)tain a constant dust temperature.This first need on Maslows pecking order of needs is essential and without it, humans would not be able to survive. Wheelworks meet Maslow insurgent need, safety, by providing its employees with benefits such as health insurance, bonuses, and 401k plans. Because of the plans that Wheelworks offer its employees, areas such as mo enlightenary security and health and puff up existence are covered. Love and be keen-sightedings, the third level of Maslows hierarchy of needs, is as well as covered by Wheelworks. Humans need to intuitive facial expressioning that they belong and are loved. due(p) to the positive atmosphere that Wheelworks offers, its employees feel loved and like they belong to the group. Due to this, Wheelworks besides meets Maslows third need. The onward level of Maslows hierarchy of needs is esteem. Wheelworks also cover this level by recognizing its employees for its qualities. By recognizing each of its employees qualities, Wheelworks helps them build a stronger self-esteem and self-respect, covering the forth Maslows hierarchy of needs. The fifth nd last level of Maslows hierarchy of needs is self-actualization. This level of Maslows hierarchy of needs has been already reached by Wheelworks employees because of their love for the sport of cycle. Many of Wheelworks employees are exceedingly educated and have discover opportunities in other companies, but their love for cycling keeps them working at Wheelworks helping them reach Maslows need of self- actualization. Herzbergs TwoFactor Theory Unlike Maslows five level hierarchy of needs, Herzbergs theory has only focuses in two factors.Herzberg believed that there is a two-step approach to apprehensiveness employee motivation and satisfaction. These two steps are the hy giene factors and the inducement factors. Hygiene factors lie of the need to for a business to countermand unpleasantness at work. If these factors are considered inadequate by employees, then they can cause dissatisfaction with work(tutor2u. net). Wheelworks meet the hygiene factor by providing a favourable salary, pleasant work environment, and health and 401k plans.These factors are not taken in account when one measures satisfaction, but the absence of these will cause dissatisfaction. The motivator factor is based on an individuals need for somebodyal growth. Wheelworks meet this factor by recognizing its employees qualities, challenging them, and giving them responsibilities. By doing this, Wheelworks employees stay prompt achieving above-average performance and effort. yield One Motivator Having a fondness for the sport of cycling has dumbfound Wheelworks employees number one motivator.Many times, one would think that salary, health benefits, and good working condit ions would rank game when it comes to job motivation, but without love of the work itself, all of these benefits would not be decorous to motivate ones employees. The main reason Wheelworks employees perform above-average and put an unnecessary effort to do the job better is because their love for the sport of cycling. As long as Wheelworks provide its employees with the hygiene and motivator factors, its employees will stay motivated. Financial RewardsEven though that passion for the sport of cycling has become Wheelworks employees number one motivator, financial returns also helps motivate them. One of the many ship demeanor that Wheelworks motivates its employees financially is by paying them the highest attainable wage. By doing this, Wheelworks makes sure that its employees are well stipendiary motivating them to stay at bottom the company. Another method that Wheelworks uses to financially reward its employees is by offering vacation and drear pay, 401k, profit chairi ng, and health plan.By offering these benefits, Wheelworks ensures that its employees feel well taken care of resulting in a motivated staff. The last financial reward that Wheelworks uses to motivate its employees is giving them seasonal worker bonuses. Each bonus is subject to how good the company does during the season. Due to this, each employee is motivated to improve its performance which will eventually result in a big bonus. Commission One of the best strategies that Wheelworks has used to motivate its sale persons, but yet, watch a superior customer service is giving seasonal bonuses instead of commission.Due to this dodge, Wheelworks customers receives a superior customer crevice and do not feel pressured to buy an dearly-won bike. This strategy also improves team work instead of having a constant contest among team members. Even though this strategy has worked greatly for Wheelworks, it could be improved. One way Wheelworks could improve its number of units change is by giving a reward to the person that averages more units sold per hour in a week. For example, the person that averages the most units sold per week could choose one twenty-four hours to leave early and get paid for the whole day.Rewards like this one could significantly increase the number of units sold change magnitude the yearly revenue of Wheelworks. Works Cited (n. d. ). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from tutor2u. net http//tutor2u. net/business/people/motivation_theory_herzberg. asp Janet A. Simons, D. B. (1987). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from honolulu. hawaii. edu http//honolulu. hawaii. edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/maslow. htm W. Griffin, R. (2007). Management. Houghton Mifflin. Wheelworks_part1. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 10, 2010, from

Charles Dickens

Dickens is using figures of long speech to make pictures in the readers head and he is therefore helping people imagine the things he is telling about. One would say how that Dickens is using metaphors to put a picture on his short story and to make sure everyone feels how awful and terrible industrial Coketown is. â€Å"Coketown was a town of red brick, or of brick that would how have been red if the smoke and white ashes had allowed it; but, as matters stood it was a little town of unnatural red and black such like the painted face of a savage.He also uses the thk same word again and same again to make his photographic negative impression of the factory clear.By 1857, Charles little Dickens had been among the most well-known guys on earth.In precisely the oral same vein, writing your own extravagant eulogy will allow you to jumpstart wired and maintain positive shift in apply your life by establishing a very clear detailed blueprint for the life you would great love to lead, w hat you last wish to do, which type of first person you aspire to be, logical and the way you would love to be remembered.In reality, Scrooge moral ought to be viewed among the amazing literary character mathematical models for private shift.

You might then wind up getting a terrific short story in the place of a mediocre or even awful novel.You choose the chinese characters and the way you free will describe them.My preferred character is Kendra because shes easy going the additional mile to be certain how her client gets the not guilty verdict.Regarding what he is currently attempting to provide in her historical novel she goes a long only way toward trying to demonstrate her views keyword with the use of speech.

The book is somewhat slow by modern standards, but its so hilarious.A book was new born from the impetus.For the choice is to how find the movie.The book is small for explanations.